There are many uses for cannabis, from medical to recreational. But before you get started on your journey, it is important to understand what it is used for and how it is produced. Then you can decide if it is worth your time and money.
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are the major secondary metabolites of cannabis. Their biological effects include anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties. They also have neuroprotective and anticancer activities. In addition to cannabinoids, cannabis contains a variety of other secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds.
Cannabinoids are usually divided into eleven subclasses: cannabicyclol, cannabidiol, cannabidiol acid, cannabinoid, cannabinoid acid, cannabinoidamide, cannabinoid amide, cannabinoid derivatives, cannabinoid ethers, and terpenoids. Some researchers have suggested that the cannabinoid profile of a plant should be considered when assessing its therapeutic potential.
To identify the cannabinoids in a plant, researchers use a variety of methods. Common detection techniques include ultraviolet absorbance, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
Most studies have focused on the main intoxicating compound in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The plant also contains at least 104 other cannabinoids, which include phytocannabinoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids.
Researchers have used different techniques to analyze the cannabinoid content of cannabis plants. However, it is difficult to measure the cannabinoid profile of different parts of the plant. As a result, the current research has not fully developed the therapeutic potential of these parts.
For this study, we investigated the cannabinoid content of cannabis leaves and stem barks. We found that cannabinoid content decreased from the inflorescences to the leaves. Chemovars showed a similar pattern. Among the cannabinoids detected, CBCA, THCA, and CBDA were the most abundant.
The cannabinoid profile of a cannabis plant can be determined by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The latter method uses a UV detector and flame ionization detection to analyze the cannabinoid content.
Compared to GC, HPLC provides a more comprehensive chemical report of a cannabis sample. Moreover, it does not require the derivatization of cannabinoids. This method is often complemented by mass spectrometry to analyze co-eluting cannabinoids.
Terpenes
Cannabis contains more than 120 terpenes. Terpenes are oils that are produced by plants in glandular trichomes. Among the most common terpenes are pinene, limonene, linalool, and myrcene. They have been used in herbal medicine for centuries. Despite their importance, most of the research on terpenes has been conducted on animals.
The terpenes of cannabis are very important. Terpenes work synergistically with cannabinoids, boosting their physiological effects. This is the so-called Entourage Effect. It is a key component in the effectiveness of whole plant extracts.
Several studies have indicated that terpenes may be useful in treating conditions involving anxiety, depression, and pain. Terpenes have also been shown to have antiviral properties.
Terpenes play an important role in the aroma and taste of flowers. Terpenes are produced by the plant and accumulate in exuded resin. However, the exact composition of terpenes varies from plant to plant.
Many factors determine the quality of terpenes. Specifically, the time of harvesting, the soil, and the genetics of the plant all influence the terpene content.
Terpenes are mainly found in cannabis flowers. They are a type of chemical compound that can be extracted through steam distillation. Some terpenes are even processed into cleaning solvents and dyes.
Aside from their aroma, the terpenes of cannabis have some unique therapeutic properties. For example, b-caryophyllene is known for its antibiotic effect, while myrcene has anti-inflammatory properties. Similarly, linalool has a calming effect.
To date, research on the terpenes of Cannabis and hops has been limited. There are still many questions to be answered. But, some studies have shown that terpenes can have an anti-inflammatory effect.
Studies have also suggested that terpenes can act on the body’s production of serotonin and dopamine. Further research is needed to determine how terpenes affect the effects of cannabinoids.
Flavonoids
Flavonoids are natural compounds that give cannabis flowers and fruits an attractive color and an intriguing aroma. They have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticonvulsant properties. It has been discovered that flavonoids are also responsible for the entourage effect of cannabis, which is the interaction of many different compounds within the plant.
Cannabis plants are rich in terpenes, flavonoids, and cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are the most commonly known components. Several studies have been performed on the analgesic and appetite-stimulant effects of cannabinoids.
Cannaflavins are a group of flavonoids found exclusively in Cannabis sativa. These flavonoids are powerful anti-inflammatory agents and can be used to treat cancer and inflammatory conditions. Other effects of cannaflavins include a reduction in oxidative stress, the formation of new blood cells, and the inhibition of cellular death.
Other flavonoids are limonene, rutin, hesperetin, and quercetin. Rutin is a bitter flavonoid that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. Among the cannaflavins, Cannaflavin A and Cannaflavin B are potent anti-inflammatory agents. In 2008, Cannaflavin C was discovered.
Cannabis contains approximately twenty different flavonoids. Each strain has a different combination of these compounds. Some have a bitter taste, while others have a sweet taste.
A study conducted by Clark and Bohm investigated the flavonoid content of Cannabis. They studied seeds from nine different countries. Their results showed a great deal of plant-to-plant variation.
The concentrations of cannabinoids and flavonoids varied by chemovar and agronomic use. Correlation coefficients for all 14 cannabinoids were above 0.9998. Moreover, the regression curves were very linear.
Two analysts tested the flavonoids for two days. Results were not significantly different between mono- and sesquiterpene yields.
Measurement uncertainties were between 1.5% and 9.1%. Consequently, the LOQ was between 0.026 and 0.500 ug/mL.
Scents and flavors
If you have ever taken a taste of cannabis, you may have noticed a unique scent. This is due to the presence of terpenes. Terpenes are aromatic molecules that are produced inside the resin glands of plants. They contribute to the scents of many different types of flowers, as well as the flavor of cannabis.
There are more than 150 types of terpenes in cannabis. Some of them are exclusively found in marijuana, while others are present in other plants as well. All of them have a specific role to play in the plant’s growth and functions.
Myrcene is the most prevalent terpene in marijuana. It gives cannabis its signature smell and also offers anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, it can help slow down the progression of osteoarthritis.
Limonene, on the other hand, is a citrusy aroma that boosts pain relief and improves mood. Limonene can be found in lemon rinds and in some citrus fruits.
Another terpene, Caryophyllene, is responsible for a combination of musky and earthy scent notes. It is often used as an anti-inflammatory and a sedative. It can also be found in black pepper, cloves, and oregano.
Pinene is another terpene that can help alleviate depression and stress. It can also be used as a local antiseptic. As a bronchodilator, it can also be beneficial to the respiratory system.
Each strain of marijuana is characterized by its own distinctive aroma and taste. Most cannabis plants have a pungent, spicy or earthy scent. However, some cultivars have a fruity, floral or herbaceous aroma. These terpenes combine to give each strain its own distinct personality.
Terpenes are not only responsible for the smell and flavors of cannabis, but they are also crucial to the plant’s growth. By boosting its immune system, terpenes protect it from pests and pathogens, and they also attract insects and small creatures.
Side effects
Side effects of cannabis vary based on the type, dose, and frequency of use. Some side effects are mild, while others are more serious. The good news is that many of the common side effects of cannabis are reversible.
For instance, one of the most common short-term side effects of marijuana is difficulty with thinking. This is due to the THC’s stimulation of the brain’s cell receptors. It also engages with the cerebellum, which regulates motor coordination.
Other side effects are drowsiness and impaired judgment. Depending on how much you’ve ingested, you may experience hallucinations.
You may also experience a drop in blood pressure. This effect isn’t permanent, but it can last for several hours. To help alleviate this side effect, you can chew gum or take a shower.
In addition, some people experience nausea. The combination of cannabis and hallucinogens can increase the chances of vomiting.
While the THC in cannabis can cause some pretty unpleasant effects, these symptoms will likely pass within a couple of hours. If you feel your marijuana use is causing you to experience negative side effects, you should stop.
Some medical cannabis users may experience excessive thirst, which is another potential side effect of marijuana. Make sure to drink plenty of water before and after taking the drug.
In addition to the aforementioned side effects, marijuana can also increase blood pressure.
Some studies have found that regular cannabis use can have an adverse effect on the immune system. However, more research needs to be done before a firm conclusion can be drawn.
One study found that frequent cannabis use can have a negative impact on executive functioning.
What Is Cannabis Used For?
Cannabis is a plant that contains a number of chemical compounds known as cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). These compounds interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system and can produce a range of effects, including changes in mood, perception, and cognition.
Cannabis is used for a variety of purposes, including:
- Recreational use: Cannabis is often used for its psychoactive effects, which can produce feelings of relaxation, euphoria, and altered perception.
- Medical use: Cannabis and its derivatives have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. Today, cannabis and CBD-based products are used to treat a range of medical conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and anxiety.
- Industrial use: The fibers of the cannabis plant can be used to make a range of products, including rope, clothing, and paper. The seeds of the plant can also be used to produce oil for cooking and cosmetics.
It’s worth noting that the legal status of cannabis varies by location, and it is important to be aware of and comply with all relevant laws and regulations. In some locations, cannabis is illegal, while in others it is legal for medical or recreational use.
